These are the names of famous directors:
Cameron (James)
Kubrick (Stanley)
Scorsese (Martin)
Coppola (Francis Ford)
Coen Brothers
Hitchcock (Alfred)
Tarantino (Quentin)
Spielberg (Steven)
Tim Burton

Solution coming soon.

A teacher in English had asked James and John to describe a man who had suffered from a cold in the past. James, while John had had “had”, had had “had had”; “had had” had had a better effect on the teacher.
The meaning is that John had used the phrase “had a cold”, whereas James had used the phrase “had had a cold”. The latter, being more grammatical, had resulted in a better impression on the teacher.

If the size of each of the small edges of the shape is equal to 1cm, then its area is equal to 30cm². Thus, the cube that is formed by the shape must have an edge of length √5cm. If we set the center of the black shape to be the center of one of the cube’s faces, then the four closest vertices must lie on the boundary of the shape, √2.5cm away. This determines uniquely the folding of the shape which is shown on the simulation below.
created by Wossname

A tells B some number, then B adds his salary to it and tells the result to C, then C adds his salary and tells the result to A. Now A subtracts the number he told B in the beginning, adds his own salary and divides by 3. Repeat the same procedure with B and C starting first.

You need just 2 folds, as shown on the picture below.

First, we show that for every four pirates, there exists a lock which cannot be opened only by them and can be opened by everyone else. We choose an arbitrary group of four pirates. If they can open every lock, then they can access the treasure without the need of a majority. If any of the remaining pirates cannot open that lock, then he, together with the initial group of four still cannot access the treasure. Thus, the claim is proved and to each group of four pirates we can assign a unique lock. These are
(
(
4
9
)=126 locks in total. Finally, every pirate should get keys for
(
(
4
8
)=70 of these locks, one for each group of four additional pirates he can be a group of.

Notice that the N-th fish in the stream survives if and only if it is the fastest among the first N fish. The probability of this event happening is equal to 1/N. Since the expected number of fish that survive is equal to the sum of the survival probabilities for each of them, the answer is 1+1/2+1/3+…+1/N.
For more details on the last claim, consider reading our blog post “How Many Times on Average?”

Bobby can mate Garry in four moves:
1. d4 d5 2. Qd3 Qd6 3. Qh3 Qh6 4. Qxc8

The solution is shown below.